What is Bokmål and Nynorsk? Understanding the Two Forms of Norwegian

If you’ve ever wondered about the difference between Bokmål and Nynorsk, or even what they are, you’re not alone. Norwegian is a North-Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, and it has a fascinating history that shapes how it’s used today. While Norwegian is the official language of the country, the history of the written language is a story of evolution and political change.

A Brief History of Norwegian Language Development

For several centuries, between the 16th and 19th centuries, Norway was in a Union with Denmark, and the written language used in Norway was based on Danish. During this time, people spoke various local dialects, influenced by the geography of the country. These dialects were distinct and varied, especially given Norway’s rugged terrain, which made communication between distant regions difficult.

When Norway gained its independence in 1814, the need for a distinct written language became clear. The challenge was to create a standardized version of Norwegian that reflected the many regional dialects. This led to the creation of two main written forms of Norwegian: Bokmål and Nynorsk.

Bokmål vs. Nynorsk: The Two Written Forms of Norwegian

• Bokmål: Also known as “book language,” Bokmål is based on Danish, and it’s the form most commonly used in Norway today. It is the dominant written form of Norwegian and is taught in schools across the country.
• Nynorsk: Nynorsk, meaning “new Norwegian,” was developed as an alternative to Bokmål. It is based on rural dialects and was created as a response to Norway’s desire to create a language that better represented the country’s spoken forms. Though Nynorsk is used less widely than Bokmål, it remains an important part of Norwegian culture and is taught in schools, particularly in the western parts of the country.

Despite these two official written standards, Norwegian dialects still play a significant role in everyday life. In many regions of Norway, people continue to speak their own local dialects, which are not fully reflected in either Bokmål or Nynorsk.

Learning Norwegian: How to Navigate Bokmål, Nynorsk, and Dialects

As a foreigner moving to Norway, you might wonder: How should I learn Norwegian? The good news is that no matter which written form you choose, Bokmål or Nynorsk, the primary difference is in writing – both forms are mutually intelligible when spoken.

However, learning Norwegian goes beyond just the written language. It’s about understanding the culture and history of the country. By learning Norwegian, you’ll dive into a rich tapestry of Norwegian literature, music, and history. Famous Norwegian authors like Henrik Ibsen and Knut Hamsun wrote in Norwegian, and their works are an important part of the country’s cultural legacy.

Norwegian Language in the Workplace

When it comes to working in Norway, knowing Norwegian can be incredibly beneficial. While Bokmål is more commonly used in written communication, many companies, especially international businesses, also work in English. English is widely spoken and often used in corporate settings in Norway. For example, in industries such as engineering, technology, and business, English is frequently the primary language used in meetings, emails, and documents.

However, knowing Norwegian – especially Bokmål – can open up opportunities for closer integration into Norwegian society and make your everyday interactions more enjoyable. If you’re working in a local Norwegian company or living in a small town, learning Norwegian can help you connect more deeply with your colleagues and the community.

Norwegian Language and Culture: A Rich Journey Awaits

Learning Norwegian is not just about mastering the language – it’s about immersing yourself in the culture of Norway. From enjoying the works of great Norwegian authors to listening to traditional Norwegian music, learning the language will give you access to a deeper understanding of the country and its people.

By studying Norwegian, you also prepare yourself for living and working in Norway, whether you are pursuing a career in subsea engineering, renewable energy, or technology. It’s a language that ties you to Norway’s past and connects you to the present, allowing you to become part of a culture that values history, nature, and innovation.

Embrace Your Norwegian Journey

Whether you’re planning to live in Oslo, work in Bergen, or explore the stunning Norwegian countryside, understanding Bokmål and Nynorsk will make your experience in Norway much richer. Learning the language, along with English, gives you the flexibility to thrive in Norwegian workplaces and embrace the beauty of the Norwegian culture.